Hydrological Processes in the Huaihe River Basin,China: Seasonal Variations,Causes and Implications     

Peng Sun  Yuyan Sun  Qiang Zhang  Rui Yao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(4):636-653

Understanding streamflow changes in terms of trends and periodicities and relevant causes is the first step into scientific management of water resources in a changing environment. In this study, monthly streamflow variations were analyzed using Modified Mann-Kendall(MM-K) trend test and Continuous Wavelet Transform(CWT) methods at 9 hydrological stations in the Huaihe River Basin. It was found that: 1) streamflow mainly occurs during May to September, accounting for 70.4% of the annual total streamflowamount with Cv values between 0.16–0.85 and extremum ratio values between 1.70–23.90; 2) decreased streamflow can be observed in the Huaihe River Basin and significant decreased streamflow can be detected during April and May, which should be the results of precipitation change and increased irrigation demand; 3) significant periods of 2–4 yr were detected during the 1960 s, the 1980 s and the 2000 s. Different periods were found at stations concentrated within certain regions implying periods of streamflow were caused by different influencing factors for specific regions; 4) Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) has the most significant impacts on monthly streamflow mainly during June. Besides, Southern Oscillation Index(SOI), North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and the Ni?o3.4 Sea Surface Temperature(Ni?o3.4) have impacts on monthly streamflow with three months lags, and was less significant in time lag of six months. Identification of critical climatic factors having impacts on streamflow changes can help to predict monthly streamflow changes using climatic factors as explanatory variables. These findings were well corroborated by results concerning impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) regimes on precipitation events across the Huaihe River Basin. The results of this study can provide theoretical background for basin-scale management of water resources and agricultural irrigation.  相似文献   

Evolutionary dynamics of the Wnt gene family: implications for lophotrochozoans     

Liu  Jun  Xu  Fei  Ji  Peng  Li  Li  Zhang  Guofan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2018,36(5):1720-1730

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Genes encoding Wnt ligands, which have important roles in cell communication and organ development, are restricted to multicellular animals. We systematically...  相似文献   

日照市露天开采矿山地质环境问题及恢复治理措施          下载免费PDF全文

汪继学  尹俊凯  陈鹏  张承斌 《山东国土资源》2018,34(12)

通过1∶5万矿山地质环境调查和遥感解译手段,对日照市矿山进行了全面的调查,查明各类矿山546处,主要集中在莒县和五莲县境内。除莒县刘官庄煤矿外,其余全部为露天开采矿山,主要选用直接开挖的方式,不仅破坏了地表环境,而且矿山生产活动产生的固体废弃物占用了大面积的土地。该文根据矿山地理位置及开采方式的不同,将相同类型的多个矿山划分为同一治理区,针对不同治理区的特点,采取科学有效的治理方法,建立健全矿山地质环境监督管理机制,切实解决矿山地质环境问题,改善生态环境。  相似文献   

辽宁省海洋文化景观概述          下载免费PDF全文

于大涛  孙倩  姜恒志  高范  梁淼 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(4):60-62

文章介绍海洋文化景观的属性、定义和构成;将辽宁省海洋文化景观资源分为海洋物质文化景观和非物质文化景观2个大类,其中海洋物质文化景观包括海洋自然文化景观、海洋遗迹文化景观、海洋聚落文化景观、海洋宗教文化景观、海洋旅游文化景观和海洋设施景观,海洋非物质文化景观包括海洋历史文化景观、海洋民俗文化景观和海洋艺术文化景观,分别概述具体类别资源的代表内容;提出可采用模糊综合评价法评价辽宁省海洋文化景观,研究海洋文化景观对于海洋文化建设和提高海洋意识等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

基于重力地质法反演南海海底地形          下载免费PDF全文

彭聪  王鹏  周兴华  杨磊 《海洋测绘》2018,(2):8-11

基于重力地质法(GGM)采用卫星重力异常数据反演了中国南海112°E~119°E,16°N~20°N范围1'×1'的海底地形模型,通过船测水深数据的直接格网化结果和ETOP01模型的检核进行了精度评价。结果表明,GGM模型较船测水深的直接格网化结果更为精细,在船测控制点分布均匀的海域,GGM模型能获得比ETOP01模型更高的精度。为进一步验证GGM模型受海底地形特征影响的情况,采用GGM模型与ETOP01模型分别内插出9356个检核点处的水深,并统计得到两模型差值的较差结果平均值为19.560m,标准差为130.156m,相对精度为4.79%。经分析得出:GGM模型与ETOP01模型在坡度变化平缓深海区有着较好的一致性,随着水深的依次变浅,二者的差异逐渐显现,在多海山的海域差异达到最大。最后,为充分发挥重力地质法在海底地形反演中的优势总结了其最佳适用条件。  相似文献   

Feasibility of Re-injecting the Production Effluent from Alkali–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding Systems Back into a Reservoir to Further Improve Oil Recovery     

Zhang  Chengli  Hu  Bozhou  Wang  Peng  Fu  Xiaofei  Song  Guoliang  Liu  Haoliang 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):2191-2207

Natural Resources Research - Alkali–surfactant–polymer (ASP)-produced effluent contains polymer, alkali and surfactant, and it has higher content of suspended oil droplets and suspended...  相似文献   

Analysis of nonstationarity in low flow in the Loess Plateau of China          下载免费PDF全文

Kun‐xia Yu  Lars Gottschalk  Xiang Zhang  Peng Li  Zhanbin Li  Lihua Xiong  Qian Sun 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1844-1857

An approach for nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis is developed and demonstrated on a dataset from the rivers on the Loess Plateau of China. Nonstationary low‐flow frequency analysis has drawn significant attention in recent years by establishing relationships between low‐flow series and explanatory variables series, but few studies have tested whether the time‐varying moments of low flow can be fully described by the time‐varying moments of the explanatory variables. In this research, the low‐flow distributions are analytically derived from the 2 basic explanatory variables—the recession duration and the recession coefficient—with the assumption that the recession duration and recession coefficient variables follow exponential and gamma distributions, respectively; the derived low‐flow distributions are applied to test whether the time‐varying moments of explanatory variables can explain the nonstationarities found in the low‐flow variable. The effects of ecosystem construction measures, that is, check dam, terrace, forest, and grassland, on the recession duration and recession coefficient are further discussed. Daily flow series from 11 hydrological stations from the Loess Plateau are used and processed with a moving average technique. Low‐flow data are extracted following the pit under threshold approach. Six of the 11 low‐flow series show significant nonstationarities at the 5% significance level, and the trend curves of the moments of low flow are in close agreement with the curves estimated from the derived distribution with time‐dependent moments of the recession duration and time‐constant moments of the recession coefficient. It is indicated that the nonstationarity in the low‐flow distribution results from the nonstationarity in the recession duration in all 6 cases, and the increase in the recession duration is resulted from large‐scale ecosystem constructions rather than climate change. The large‐scale ecosystem constructions are found to have more influence on the decrease in streamflow than on the increase in watershed storage, thus resulting in the reduction of low flow. A high return period for the initial fixed design value decreases dramatically with an increasing recession duration.  相似文献   

北斗一张网业务管理与服务系统设计与实现     

唐晓霏  车一鸣  孙小超  魏以宽  赵鹏 《测绘通报》2020,(1):142-145

针对北斗一张网体系建设与运营项目的实际需求与现状，整合已有基础设施资源，深入研究挖掘了潜在的信息资源，搭建了一个标准化管理与服务应用统一平台——业务管理与服务系统，提高了系统的移动管理能力、系统管理水平及系统服务效率，改变了传统CORS的管理与运维模式，同时也为海量用户提供了更高效便捷的个性化服务，真正从应用层面上实现了规范化、体系化与便捷化。在这一系统的支撑下，北斗一张网服务体系确立了全新的管理机制，也为北斗未来更广泛地推广应用打下坚实基础。  相似文献   

古元古代大氧化事件(GOE)前后海洋环境的变化: 来自华北条带状铁建造(BIF)岩相学和地球化学的证据^*          下载免费PDF全文

张连昌  兰彩云  王长乐  彭自栋  佟小雪  李文君  董志国 《古地理学报》2020,22(5):827-840

条带状铁建造(BIF)是形成于前寒武纪海洋中的化学沉积岩,记录了古海洋氧化还原状态的重要信息。华北克拉通广泛分布的新太古代和古元古代BIF,是了解古元古代大氧化事件(GOE)前后古海洋氧化还原环境变化的理想对象。初步研究表明,华北克拉通新太古代BIF主要为磁铁矿型氧化物相和硅酸盐相,极少数出现碳酸盐相;古元古代BIF包括赤铁矿型和磁铁矿型氧化物相、硅酸盐相和碳酸盐相,其中赤铁矿相是古元古代BIF独有的。以上矿物学特征表明,新太古代和古元古代水体的氧化还原条件是不同的。华北克拉通新太古代BIF的稀土元素组成缺乏强烈的负Ce异常,反映同期海水氧含量非常低,为缺氧状态; 但少量BIF也包含有负Ce异常,同时具有较大变化范围的Th/U值,指示新太古代海洋的局部水体氧含量相对较高,呈弱氧化状态。与新太古代BIF相比,古元古代BIF的Ce异常变化较大,包括无异常、正异常和负异常,尤其是赤铁矿相BIF具明显的负Ce异常,表明古元古代水体的氧含量和氧化还原结构已发生了明显变化; 结合华北克拉通BIF的Ni/Co、V/(V+Ni)和Th/U等比值特征,认为古元古代海洋呈次氧化—氧化环境。新太古代BIF 强烈富集重铁同位素,S同位素非质量分馏效应较为明显;而古元古代BIF相对富集轻铁同位素,S同位素非质量分馏效应不明显。综上,新太古代海洋环境整体缺氧,但局部可能存在氧气“绿洲”,暗示光合产氧作用在太古代晚期已经存在;大氧化事件期间及之后的古海洋总体具上部氧化、下部还原的分层特征。  相似文献   

长江口表层沉积物中正构烷烃的高分辨分布特征及有机碳来源解析     

王春禹  姚鹏  赵彬 《海洋学报》2020,42(10):1-13

于2014年3月对长江口及邻近海域的表层沉积物进行了高分辨率采样，分析了沉积物粒级组成、比表面积、总有机碳含量及其稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)、正构烷烃及其相关分子指标，讨论了此区域沉积有机碳和正构烷烃的高分辨分布特征，并结合基于主成分分析?蒙特卡洛模拟的三端元混合模型，对沉积有机碳的来源进行了定量解析。结果表明，长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中总有机碳含量为0.45%±0.16%，近岸泥质区总有机碳含量较高，外海砂质区含量较低。总正构烷烃(C₁₄?C₃₅)的绝对含量和相对于总有机碳的含量分别为(1.42±0.73) μg/g和(0.34±0.21) mg/g。泥质区以长链正构烷烃占优势，具有较强的奇碳优势；砂质区以短链正构烷烃占优势，且具有一定的偶碳优势。长江输入、老黄河口输入、闽浙沿岸小型河流输入和水动力分选等因素制约了正构烷烃的输运和分布特征。模型结果显示此区域沉积有机碳来自海源、土壤和高等植物的混合输入，其中以海源为主，其贡献为42.70%±18.18%，由陆地向外海贡献逐渐升高，其次是土壤和高等植物，其贡献分别为28.99%±15.37%和28.31%±17.12%。在水动力分选作用的影响下，两种陆源有机碳在入海之后的输运过程中存在明显的分异，土壤有机碳主要与细颗粒物结合，并沿闽浙沿岸向南输运，而高等植物来源有机碳则在长江口存在东北方向的输运。  相似文献